OS
Thread
A thread of execution is the smallest sequence of programmed instructions that can be managed independently by a scheduler
advantage
processes are typically independent, while threads exist as subsets of a process
processes carry considerably more state information than threads, whereas multiple threads within a process share process state as well as memory and other resources
processes have separate address spaces, whereas threads share their address space
processes interact only through system-provided inter-process communication mechanisms
context switching between threads in the same process is typically faster than context switching between processes
drawbacks
Synchronization: Careless use of such primitives can lead to deadlocks, livelocks or races over a resources.
Thread crashes a process: an illegal operation performed by a thread crashes the entire process
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