Java Basic

Null 和 0 的差異

List a == null是指List位址是空,而List a == 0 是List 位址為0xFDJJLJDKLASJDLA,空間已經開出來了裡面卻沒放東西

Prefix-increment and post increment 前置遞增和後置遞增的差異

public class UnaryOperatorDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int age = 10;
        int var = age++;
        System.out.println(age);
        System.out.println(var);
    }
}

age++是後置算法,等同於

var = age;
age = age + 1;

age先指定給value後才遞增,所以輸出是11, 10

Reference

overloading & overriding

  • overloading: 藉由接收的參數串列之型態或數量之不同,以求達到多個函式可共用相同函式名稱 (回傳值可不同)。目的為降低所需命名的函式名稱

void print(int i) {…}
void print(double d) {…}
void print(char c) {...}
  • overriding: 子類別將父類別函式重新定義以符合自身所需(回傳值必須相同)。目的為利用父類別來動態操作子類別的函式,以達多型的效果。

class Person {
  public void iam()

  {System.out.println(“I am a person.”);}

}

class Superman extends Person {

  public void iam()

  {System.out.println(“I am a Superman.”);}

}

記憶體

  1. Java中-128127之間在裝箱後會存在記憶體中被重複使用。以外的值則是程式在運行時才會建立一個新的物件

  2. 比較兩個物件大小必須使用equals(),使用==則是比較兩個物件是否比較到同一個參考名稱

Reference

Class使用方式比較

Random

Random ran = new Random();
int r = ran.nextInt(n) // create number 0~(n-1)

String 經常變動使用 StringBuilder

public static String intToString(int x){
  boolean isNegtive = false;
  if (x<0)
    isNegtive = true;
    x = -x;
  }

  StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder();
  while(x != 0){
    s.append((char)('0'+ x%10))}
    x /= 10;

    if (Negtive){
      s.append('-');
  }

  s.reverse();
  return s.toString();
}

Comparator and Comparable

  1. Comparable: 類別本身繼承comparable,改寫compareTo,實現在類別內部

public class Student implements Comparable {
     String name;
     int age
     public int compareTo(Student another) {
          int i = 0;
          i = name.compareTo(another.name); 
          if(i == 0) { 
               return age - another.age;
          } else {
               return i; 
          }
     }
}

// 可以使用Collections.sort(StudentList)排序
  1. Comparator: 指定comparator告知類別如何排序,改寫compare,實現在類別外部

public class Student{
     String name;
     int age
}
class StudentComparator implements Comparator { 
     public int compare(Student one, Student another) {
          int i = 0;
          i = one.name.compareTo(another.name); 
          if(i == 0) { 
               return one.age - another.age;
          } else {
               return i;          }
     }
}
//Collections.sort(StudentList , new StudentComparator())
//指定comparator
  • 使用binarySearch必須指定Comparator

    Collection.binarySearch(Object, target, CompGPA)

private static Comparator<student> compGPA = new Comparator<student>(){
  public int compare(student s1, student s2){
};

Last updated